37^th European Cardiology Conference October 31-01, 2022 London, UK

Biography:

Nazirova Vafa Balabay is affiliated to the Special Medical Health Complex, Baku, Azerbaijan. Her research interests reflect in her wide range of publications in subjects Diabetes & Heart various  national and international journals. 

Abstract:

Relevance: Fibrinogen plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular diseases. There is sporadic data on the association of FGB gene polymorphism with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The DNA region in the regulatory region of the FGB gene, in which Guanine (G) is replaced by Adenine (A) at position -455, is designated as the G (-455) A genetic marker. The presence of a substitution affects the intensity of fibrinogen protein synthesis.

Fibrinogen is a protein produced in the liver and circulating in the blood plasma. When the blood coagulation system is activated, it undergoes enzymatic cleavage by the enzyme thrombin. The resulting fibrin monomer, under the action of the active blood coagulation factor F13 precipitates in the form of white filaments of fibrin polymer. Fibrin is the basis of a blood clot and subsequently forms a thrombus, completing the clotting process.

For this marker, there is no concept of "norm" and "pathology", since the gene polymorphism is being studied.

The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of three genetic variants of the FGB gene in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by ischemic heart disease.

Materials and methods: The study included 48 people aged 55.6+8.5 years, of which 24 patients with T2DM complicated by ischemic heart disease. The control group consisted of 24 healthy people without these pathologies. Determination of polymorphism of the fibrinogen gene FGB G (-455) A was carried out by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) on a Seguenon mass spectrometer (USA). The study material was whole blood. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel, Statistic 16.0 application package. All analyses were performed at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: As a result of our studies of the occurrence of polymorphism of the FGB G (-455) A gene of fibrinogen responsible for the formation of thrombosis and myocardial ischemia in the group of patients with T2DM and ischemic heart disease, the prevalence of the mutant homozygous genotype G/G-58.3% (control-58.3); heterozygous mutant genotype G/A was found in 33.3% (control-41.7%); normal homozygous genotype A/A-8.3% (control-0).

The distribution of G/G genotypes of the FGB fibrinogen polymorphism showed no significant differences between the group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the control group (p>0.05). Also, there were no significant differences between the group of patients with T2 diabetes mellitus and the control group in the detection of the normal homozygous A/A genotype (p>0.05).

The distribution of the mutant heterozygous genotype G/A in patients with T2DM and Ä°HD compared with the control group had a significant difference (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The distribution of the homozygous G/G genotype and the homozygous mutant A/A genotype of the FGB gene showed no significant differences between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD and the control group (p>0.05). The heterozygous G/A genotype was more common in patients with T2DM and CHD compared with the control group (p<0.05).

The FGB G (-455) A gene encodes the beta-polypeptide chain of the fibrinogen protein. The substitution of G (guanine) for A (adenine) in the regulatory region of the FGB gene is associated with an increased concentration of the fibrinogen protein in the blood plasma, which is one of the factors in the development of a thrombus in patients with diabetes mellitus.

A statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of the GA polymorphism of the fibrinogen gene FGB G (-455) A was found in Azerbaijani patients with DM2 and CHD compared to the group of people without diabetes. The data obtained suggests that carriers of the G/A variant have a high risk of thrombus formation. Additional measures are required to prevent and treat thrombotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Biography:

Shanquan Sun is affiliated to the Cardiac Center of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.

Abstract:

Background and aim: Several surgical techniques for repair of a Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (CAVSD) have been developed. However, the postoperative complications with these methods may lead to reoperation during follow-up. The aim of this report is to share our experience with a novel surgical technique for CAVSD that has anatomic advantages postoperatively and could reduce the reoperation rate.

Methods: 33 patients who underwent repair of CAVSDs between April 2011 and September 2021 were retrospectively investigated. All of these patients were repaired by the V-shaped double-layer patch technique.

Results: There were no deaths (0%) and only two re-operations (6.1%) in the series. The aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 65.9 ± 18.1 min and 122.7 ± 38.0 min, respectively. To date, no significant residual ventricular septal defects have been detected and no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction has been seen on echocardiography in any patient. During follow-up, the left atrioventricular valve status was assessed as no incompetence in 9 patients (27.3%), trivial in 21 (63.6%), and mild in 3 (9.1%).

Conclusion: The V-shaped double-layer patch technique is a valuable surgical option for patients with CAVSDs. The mid-term results in our series document excellent performance of this technique, which augments the area of the anterior valve of the left atrioventricular valve to make it closer to a normal mitral valve and may also reduce the need for reoperation.

Biography:

Abdul Ghafoor zarmalwal, basically I am from Afghanistan, I graduated from nijaat Ali higher secondary school in 2008 AD, I have completed my higher education (MD) from paktia medical government university in 2015 AD, after that I have completed my specialization in general cardiology department in FMIC hospital Kabul, Afghanistan in 2021 AD. During residency I have completed short courses of proposal writing, epidemiology and research; I have also done short term diploma in ultrasound and Public health in Peshawar, Pakistan. Currently I am working as a cardiologist in tertiary hospital kausar curative hospital.

Abstract:

The primary causes of premature death are cardiovascular diseases, Cardiovascular diseases also led to around 17.9 million (32.1%) deaths in 2015. Left ventricle dysfunction is the most recurrent consequence of ST-elevated myocardial infarction and still, it is a powerful predictor of mortality. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of the culprit artery disease in acute coronary syndrome is related to a significant improvement of left ventricle segmental function.

Methodology: It is a retrospective case series study. All 102 individuals included with the diagnosis of ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients presented to the hospital within 12 hours and underwent PCI at the French Medical Institute of Mother and Children (FMIC) hospital. Data were collected from the medical record files of the patients and were analyzed. We took the patients who had Left ventricle dysfunction on echocardiography on the first presentation before PCI and saw the LV function after 3 months follow up.

Result: Overall we had 102 patients with the diagnosis of ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) presented within 12 hours, we had 78.4% male and 21.6% female patients, 55.9% had hypertension, 21.6% were diabetic, 22.5% had Dyslipidemia and 19.6% were smokers, the mean age was 58.11±11.993 years, overall there was significant left ventricle dysfunction improvement with PCI.

Conclusion: This study concluded that Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) improved significantly in ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients in the afghan population. Among risk factors, hypertension was the most frequent risk factor, and I recommend that PCI is a choice option for STEMI patients within 12 hours.

Biography:

Majid Mohammed Mahmood, DVM (Hons), MSc Zoonotic Diseases, PhD Immunology, Univ of Nottingham, UK. He is expert number one in Iraq in COVID-19. Designed preventive (prophylactic) and therapeutic protocols to fight COVID-19 that decrease the mortality rate from 5% to about 2% and updated to give no deaths. I started working in the field of Immunology since 2005 in the Lab of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq, and continued working during my Master's Degree on Staph aureus immune response in bovine udder by making a trial vaccine in vitro and also applied it in mice. I continued my PhD at the University of Nottingham, UK working on innate immunity by detecting Toll-like receptors on bovine PBMCs and focusing on T cells.

Abstract:

This presentation aims to list the causes of blood clotting as well as to focus the light on the links between blood clots and the SARS-CoV-2 virus which was blamed to cause thrombosis. From the literature, reasons of blood coagulation consist of 3 main categories: non-infectious, infectious, and medications. Some medications used in the international therapeutic protocol for COVID-19 might cause blood coagulation such as zinc, glucocorticoids, and favipiravir which are not well studied. New causes of thrombosis are recently added to the list which are SARS-CoV-2, some therapeutics used for COVID-19 treatment strategy, and COVID-19 vaccines. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 may cause blood clots, but it is not the only reason. COVID-19, some medicines used to treat patients, and COVID-19 vaccines are added to the list of causes of blood clots despite the rare incidence of blood clots recorded in vaccinated people.

Biography:

Shankar Radhakrishnan is affiliated to Department of Community Medicine, Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, India.

Abstract:

Introduction: Periodontal interventions reduced cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, and endothelial dysfunction and may prevent embolic events and recurrence of arrhythmia.

Aim: To assess the association between cardiovascular risk score and periodontal health status among a rural community in India and to assess the possibility of including periodontal health as an independent risk assessment parameter for coronary artery disease.

Methodology: Total of 500 study subjects aged 30 and above was involved in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to assess the socio-demographic parameters and the Framingham risk score questionnaire was used for assessing the CVD risk.

Results: Correlation between CAD risk score and dental plaque index clearly shows that there is strong positive correlation between these two factors with a r value of 0.778 and it was found to be statistically significant (<.001). A significant correlation occurs between CPI score and CVD risk score.

Conclusion: It can be insisted that CPI can be included as one of the risk factor parameter for CVD. As of today, community education related to dental health is mostly restricted to school health that has to be extended to the entire community members, where they should be educated about the periodontal health and its role in the occurrence of CVD. So, a good periodontal health would help in prevention or reduction of morbidity due to CVD.

Biography:

Evan Watson is affiliated to Basildon University Hospital, United Kingdom. His research interests are in the field of cardiology implementation of IVL.

Abstract:

Background: Coronary Arterial Calcification (CAC) is a significant manifestation associated with atherosclerosis that results in poor clinical and patient outcomes. Moreover, CAC hinders Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for vessel revascularisation, with stent under-expansion and malposition not uncommon. Many lesion preparation techniques have been developed, including Non-Compliant (NC) balloon angioplasty, accompanying debated effectiveness and an increased risk of procedural complications. Therefore, the need for a low-risk yet effective CAC modification technique has resulted in the development of Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL), delivering pressure waves to fracture calcification, creating greater vessel compliance for stent deployment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of IVL after suboptimal NC-balloon inflation for modifying calcified lesions as part of PCI, with vessel measurements as part of a detailed clinical assessment.

Methods: This was a retrospective audit acquiring the data of patients (n=30) who underwent IVL therapy after suboptimal NC-balloon inflation as part of PCI. IVL performance was assessed by procedural success (vessel stenosis <50%, <30%, 20%), quantified using angiography, Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Results: Procedural success was observed in 93% of cases, with 80% ending with <30% stenosis and 47% with <20%. A significant difference was found between lumen diameter measurements after each stage of PCI (H(3)=86.64, p<0.001), with the largest difference observed between pre-procedure and post-stent-deployment. IVUS measurements revealed a significant difference between lumen diameter pre-procedure and post-stent deployment (t=-12.84, p<0.001). OCT measurements revealed a significant difference between lumen diameter and area measurements pre-and post-procedure [F(2,3)=10.70, p=0.043; F(2,3)=17.06, p=0.023].

Conclusion: IVL therapy is an effective lesion preparation technique superior to conventional balloon angioplasty facilitating successful stent deployment. Future research should assess IVL from larger samples employing more routine implementation of intravascular imaging mediating detailed procedural assessment.